A Literature Review on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and “Three-Parent” Babies

Abstract

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. These organelles are vital in the cell’s production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through cellular respiration. As living organisms, we need energy in the form of ATP to survive each and every day. Mitochondrial dysfunction can result in disorders that affect the entire body, and an affected woman will pass that dysfunctional mitochondria along to her offspring. Whether it is from a genetic mutation or a change in mitochondrial function, mitochondria that are functioning less than optimally can have a variety of negative effects on the body. If less ATP is produced throughout the body, muscles get weak, the body gets tired easily, and begins to shut down. In this literature review I will discuss healthy mitochondrial inheritance and embryonic development, mitochondrial dysfunction and its effects on fertility, emerging therapies to address infertility due to mitochondrial dysfunction, the ethics behind a “three-parent” baby, as well as the future perspectives and conclusions.