Racial and ethnic disparities in cigarette and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in the United States persist as a pressing public health concern. A legacy of targeted marketing (Nicksic et al., 2022), socioeconomic inequities (Forman et al., 2025; Levy et al., 2025), and unequal access to cessation resources (Avila et al., 2022; Lee et al., 2023) continues to sustain these disparities. Research demonstrates that while cigarette smoking has declined overall, the rise of e-cigarette use has introduced new forms of nicotine dependency, disproportionately affecting marginalized populations (Foxon et al., 2024; Lozano et al., 2021). Furthermore, policy initiatives such as menthol bans demonstrate potential but must be paired with culturally responsive cessation interventions to achieve equitable outcomes (Booras et al., 2023). This literature review synthesizes current findings (2020-2025) and concludes that public health strategies rooted in cultural competency and structural reform are essential for reducing racial and ethnic inequities in tobacco and e-cigarette use.

This project examines workplace factors that Radiologic Technologists consider most important in influencing their retention at Salem Hospital. The assessment was based on observations across all modalities in the Radiology department, with the most notable finding being a shortage of Radiologic Technologists. This shortage is a common challenge faced by many hospitals, prompting extensive research into the contributing factors. The project was carried out using a survey distributed to Radiologic Technologists in the X-ray, Nuclear Medicine, Mammography, Interventional Radiology, and Ultrasound departments. The goal was to identify which factors were most important to Radiologic Technologists and make inferences on whether these factors may contribute to retention. Overall, the survey results showed that work-life balance and workplace culture/supportive leadership were the most important factors, whereas professional growth and recognition/appreciation are not as important. This indicates that the decision to stay or leave a job may depend on a good work-life balance and a positive work culture.

This Internship project examined how Anna Jaques Hospitals cardiac rehabilitation program is e<ective for patients who su<ered a cardiac event. To analyze this, upon completion of the cardiac rehabilitation patients were presented with a satisfaction survey. Patients went through 12-24 sessions of the cardiac rehabilitation program. This involved patients to participate in various exercises that specialized nurses and exercise physiologist monitored using EKGs, blood pressures, weight and the measure of the energy of the expenditure of physical activity (METS). The overall goal for cardiac rehabilitation is to allow cardiac patients to maintain a healthy lifestyle and recover from their cardiac issues. The results of the satisfaction survey have proven that Anna Jaques Cardiac Rehabilitation program is beneficial to all cardiac patients who attend.

This project examines how massage therapy affects stress levels and sleep quality by activating the parasympathetic nervous system. Body & Soul Massage in Salem, MA, focuses on promoting relaxation and wellness through therapeutic massage. Participants of different ages completed a Google Forms survey after their massage session, and their responses were analyzed for patterns. The results showed clear trends: most participants experienced lower stress levels, feeling calmer and less tense, and many reported better sleep quality, including falling asleep faster and waking less during the night. Overall, the findings suggest massage therapy supports improved relaxation and well-being.