Now showing items 21-40 of 568

    • Asthma Prevalence of Children in Massachusetts: Using Agriculture and Environmental Factors (Exposure to Pesticide)

      Laranjo, Laura; Chomba, Lisa (2024-05-01)
      Childhood asthma is known to harm the lungs' airways. Agriculture is being investigated to see if it has an impact on asthmatic children. The California Health Interview Survey was used to assess pediatric asthma prevalence per 100 students among Californians in all 58 counties for 2017–2018, while the Environmental Public Health Tracker was utilized for all 14 counties in Massachusetts. California recorded an increase in prevalence rates, while Massachusetts reported a decrease, ranging from 6% to 15.3% across all counties. These findings suggest that agricultural variables may be contributing to the rise in asthma prevalence among children in Massachusetts, with the assistance of the state with the highest number of asthma hospitalizations, California.
    • A Study Of School Personnel’s Preparation And Training To Recognize And Report Child Maltreatment

      Mirick, Rebecca; Peach, Elizabeth (2024-05-01)
      The topic of my honors thesis is child maltreatment in school settings, specifically the training and preparation that school personnel have received to respond and report this maltreatment. Using survey methods, this project surveyed teachers and other school staff (N= 87) at public schools in Massachusetts. Findings indicate that most participants have only received Mandated Reporter training, but many said they wished they would have received more training before a student disclosed to them. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that teachers and other school staff want and need supplemental training for recognizing and reporting child maltreatment.
    • Saving for Retirement in America: The Struggle and the Solutions

      Hakstian, Anne-Marie; Reagan, William (2024-05-01)
      Retirement is a part of life that all working Americans work towards. Sadly, it is not the reality a lot of people can enjoy. With the death of pensions, lack of retirement savings, poor finance education, and high cost of living, a lot of Americans do not get to retire and work until the day they die. There are several avenues that can be pursued to remedy this crisis. Becoming aware of what options are present such as the types of accounts where retirement savings can be invested effectively. Additionally, increasing the financial literacy of Americans during their primary and secondary education would greatly prepare them for their own financial future, and improve the U.S. as a whole. Furthermore, on a widespread scale, regulations and laws can be implemented to increase the minimum wage to an amount that is acceptable to live on in a given area, executive pay can be kept in check while increasing the median worker’s pay, or monthly stimulus payments can be made to support individuals. Lastly, with the power of collective bargaining, individuals through a Union can fight for better wages, benefits, protections, and retirement benefits when firms are not willing to grant them by their own accord.
    • Labeling Learning Disabilities: A Qualitative Analysis of Former Special Education Students’ Perceptions of their Educational Experiences

      Ernest, Brian; Ambler, Madelyn (2024-05-01)
      Students who receive special education services are identified as having one of the 13 disabilities categories recognized by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. This identification allows for services such as educational, social-emotional, and/or behavioral supports. However, labeling students with a disability can also have detrimental effects on students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of college students with previous individualized education programs (IEP) for learning disabilities (LD) and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study utilized semi-structured interviews and basic qualitative methods to capture the experiences of five current college students at a public, regional university in the northeastern United States who had an IEP during their K-12 experience for LD and/or ADHD. Five themes emerged: (a) effects of labeling, (b) educational experiences, (c) receiving support, (d) others’ perceptions, and (e) self-perceptions. Findings support the need for educational initiatives to combat others’ negative perceptions of special education students, better explanations about special education services for students, and support for special education students who foster negative self-perceptions.
    • COVID-19 And Unemployment Rate

      Ardon, Kenneth; De Oliveira, Brandon (2024-05-01)
      Covid-19 affected the unemployment rate in the United States to an enormous extent which has crippled the economy. Covid-19 contributed to worsening the factors that contribute to the unemployment rate. These factors in themselves are the combination of independent variables that influence the average citizen or are the results of their decisions. This information is important to understand for the economic/financial impact for the United States in future scenarios. This paper hypothesizes that the desire to be safe from a virus in a population will be a large contributor to the unemployment rate. The desire to be safe is represented by those that never or rarely use their masks when they go outside. The most direct method of Covid’s effect on the market being the death rate of Covid. While unemployment rate’s other various factors are involved as well, examples being Trump voters, populations age, and education. The years of these variables will be from 2020 and 2022 in order to compare the lasting impact. From the population of the US this information will be taken from by county. All of the numerical data is organized in excel, where regressions are made amongst factors. This constant use of regression is to prove the significance of connection between Covid-19 and unemployment rate. Alternatively, some of these factors were very related to one another and must be identified to not confuse the ultimate regression. Results have shown political alignment of Trump voters' correlation between the unemployment rate compared to the others. With the desire to be safe having little effect compared to Trump voters. The implications of this shows that in order to help combat future cases of a Pandemic of deadly disease, the political leanings of the United States should be a bit more united.
    • Impacts Of Cyber-Ostracism On Psychological Well-Being: A Systematic Review Of Literature

      Evett, Sophia; Pesiri, Zoe (2024-05-01)
      Social media is an integral part of seeking social connections, with functions such as comments, messages, and likes. Similar to face-to-face social interactions, this connection is not always received, and the person who failed to receive the connection they were seeking feels ostracized. Cyber-ostracism refers to ostracism that occurs explicitly online. In this literature review, cyber-ostracism was studied in the ways that it occurs on social media. Furthermore, cyber-ostracism as it relates to psychological well-being was also studied. After conducting a search for relevant literature using the Salem State University online database, nine peerreviewed journal articles were chosen to be included in this review. It was found that social media is used to fulfill needs such as belongingness and self-esteem. When these interactions do not happen, the user’s needs become threatened, and they are left in a vulnerable emotional state.The demographic of people found to be most affected by these threatened needs are adolescents. Social media has a widespread use by today’s society, and that is unlikely to change anytime soon. However, this widespread use calls for further research to be done on cyberostracism as the problem persists and more information may be used to mitigate it.
    • The Effects of Kangaroo Care Pertaining to the Attitudes and Values of Fathers Caring for Their Premature Newborn

      Williams, Cheryl; Til, Tina (2024-05-01)
      Skin-to-skin contact also known as “Kangaroo Care” (KC) is a practice used in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) to care for premature newborns. Premature newborns are a vulnerable population as these babies are not yet fully developed leading to breathing, feeding, and heart complications. Placing the newborn on the parent’s bare chest addresses these problems to help with thermoregulation, stabilizing glucose levels, and helps with sleep as a few benefits. Kangaroo care is centered among mothers to help promote breastfeeding while fathers will have the opportunity to do the practice later on. In some countries around the world, Kangaroo Care is limited to fathers due to hospital protocols and cultural views. There is a gap in research for maternal kangaroo care and paternal kangaroo care that needs to be discussed to populate this practice. An Integrative Review based on the Russell Model will be used to explore kangaroo care from the paternal aspect and bridge the gap in nursing care.
    • The Influence of Training Status on Mood

      Gillis, Jason; Gentle, Greg (2024-05-01)
      INTRODUCTION: Research has shown that regular exercise can favorably influence mood, but it is unclear if there is a threshold whereby too much exercise can negatively affect mood. Given the limited research in the area, we adopted the null hypothesis that there is no relation between training status and mood. PURPOSE: To survey the influence of training status on mood. METHODS: The present study conducted a cross-sectional survey of the undergraduate day-student population at Salem State University. Participants were primarily recruited by using email, social media, and word-of-mouth. Survey responses are anonymous, and no personal identifiers were collected. The target sample size to attain a 95% confidence interval is 358 students. The main tool that was used to measure mood was the validated Brunel Mood Scale. The Borg RPE scale is the main tool that was used to measure exercise intensity. These tools have been implemented into the survey using SurveyMonkey. RESULTS: Out of the eight subscales of the BRUMS, the strongest association between mood and exercise was related to VIGOUR, which has moderate positive associations with the number of exercise days and intensity of exercise, indicating that people who exercise more frequently, especially at higher intensities, tend to report higher levels of Vigour. CONCLUSION: Due to the limited number of responses, it has been concluded that more research needs to be done to validate any correlation data found in this study.
    • Plum Island: Looking At A Vulnerable Landscape

      Krebs, Lorri; Collins, Rowan (2024-05-01)
      Climate change is slowly becoming one of the most commonly discussed modern issues in the world. In a survey spanning 19 countries, the majority of people considered climate change to be a major threat to their country. In the UK, for example, 75% of people considered climate change to be a major threat in 2022, in comparison to 48% in 2013 (Fagan et al., 2022). Among the major threats associated with climate change, Sea level rise (SLR) is one of the most well-known and threatening, bringing with it erosion, flooding, and property damage or loss. Especially at risk are coastal communities such as Plum Island, Massachusetts, a small town in Newbury located on a barrier island. Barrier islands are a deposit of sand that forms parallel to the coast, named for their role in protecting coastal communities and ecosystems from extreme weather (NOAA, 2021). They are particularly vulnerable to erosion, especially when caused by human activity, so their conservation should be considered a priority in order to preserve the property located on them, as well as the ecosystems they foster. This study uses Plum Island as its focus to explore the threat of sea level rise, erosion, and flooding, their impact on housing and property, and potential solutions. This study explores if Plum Island has seen an increase in flooding over the past 10 years, whether this has led to increased property damage and erosion, what solutions have been recommended or attempted, and how Plum Island’s current situation compares to the rest of the world’s experiences. This research report will provide valuable reference to those attempting to understand the potential consequences of climate change, the risks Plum Island faces, and potential courses of action that can be taken.
    • An Evaluation of the Validity of English Placement Tests at Imam Abdurrahman Bin Faisal University: A Critical Analysis

      Perez, Heidi; Minett, Amy Jo; Al Qahtani, Amal Hussain (2024-05-07)
      This study examines the validity and reliability of English placement exams at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University and their ability to forecast academic success in English foundation courses. Using a quantitative correlational approach, the research analyzed data from 300 students to assess the relationship between placement test scores and subsequent course grades. Findings indicate that test scores moderately predict course performance, explaining about 38.4% and 36.2% of the variance in grades for two core courses. However, significant variability in test effectiveness across different academic disciplines suggests that the exams may not consistently capture diverse academic needs and language proficiencies. The study recommends targeted refinements in the exam structure and scoring to enhance fairness and accuracy in student placements, addressing specific disparities found across disciplines. These adjustments are crucial for better aligning placement procedures with the educational demands and language competencies at the university.
    • The Emerging Potential for Psilocybin in Clinical Social Work

      Walbam, Katherine; DiPerna, Andrea (2024-05-06)
      Presenting her directed study work, Andrea DiPerna speaks with SSW faculty and students about the potential for Psilocybin-assisted treatment of mental health disorders, it’s history, and ethical considerations.
    • Confronting The Over-sexualization of Afro-Latina Women in The Bluest Eye and The Poet X

      Valens, Keja; Lindholm, Jeannette; Caprio, Brittany (2024-05-02)
      Afro-Latina women experience over-sexualization within contemporary society in ways that their white, female counterparts do not experience. Since the Reconstruction era, black women have been stereotyped as being promiscuous and oversexed. These sexualized stereotypes have carried weight within society for generations and have begun to encroach on other minority races, such as Latina women. Within their novels, The Bluest Eye and The Poet X, Toni Morrison and Elizabeth Acevedo do not shy away from discussing sex, sexualized stereotypes, and how sex impacts young women of color. Instead, they have confronted over-sexualization in their coming-of-age novels about Pecola Breedlove, a young black girl living in Loraine, Ohio during the 1940s, and Xiomara Batista, a young Dominican teenager living in Harlem, New York during the 2000s. Both authors utilize the complicated world of a teenage girl in a society that is accepting of negative sexualized stereotypes and challenge the over-sexualization through their main characters. This thesis analyzes how both authors confront the over-sexualization of Afro-Latina women to give a voice to young women who may be suffering in silence, and who are struggling to navigate a world that tells them they are only valued for what their body can give to a man.
    • Death Unto Bloom

      Young, Stephenie; Delp, Brooke; Valens, Keja; Mailhot, Matthew Robert (2024-05-02)
      This is a narrative screenplay that focuses on a fictional dark fantasy world populated by both humans, and the monstrous ice beings that hunt and threaten their survival. It is a narrative that jumps between characters and scenes, not focusing solely on one main character in particular, in order to tell an overarching story. Other genres present in this screenplay's influences are gothic horror, post-apocalyptic, and religious horror.
    • Browsing in Disequilibrium: How Media Behaviors are Influenced by Excess and Deficit

      Jacobs, Kenneth; Klapak, Brian (2023-05)
      The widespread use of smartphones has made it easier to browse the internet and consume various forms of media, including videos and advertisements. This study aimed to investigate the effects of restricting video access while increasing exposure to advertisements. Specifically, we examined whether participants would watch fewer videos when exposed to more advertisements and whether they would tolerate more ads to gain additional video-watching time. We recruited four students from Salem State University to participate in an experiment designed to manipulate their video and advertisement viewing behavior. Baseline levels of advertisement and video viewing behaviors were measured to create two conditions of disequilibrium: Deficit and Excess. Deficit conditions restricted access to videos while Excess conditions bombarded participants with more advertisements than they viewed during baseline. The results demonstrated that disequilibrium could alter participants' media consumption habits by increasing or decreasing time spent watching advertisements and videos. The current study also examined the nature of “browsing” during disequilibrium. Noncontingent browsing was available to determine whether or not participants would engage in this alternative behavior during disequilibrium conditions. Lastly, the current study highlights the ethical implications of disequilibrium, as companies could potentially exploit it for profit.
    • Practical Application of Behavior Analysis with Wild Animals in a Sanctuary Setting

      Jacobs, Kenneth; Anckner, Christine (2023-05)
      While applied behavior analysis (ABA) is associated with human services, there is a historical basis for applying behavior analytic principles and procedures to the behaviors of domestic and wild animals. Recent research indicates that there are already procedural similarities between the work of applied behavior analysts and animal behavior professionals. A pronounced difference, however, is the absence of behavioral data collected in zoological settings. Caretakers report that they understand the importance of data collection but cite a lack of time and financial resources as barriers. This study explored alternative data collection methods at an educational wolf sanctuary using visitor collected data. Visitors were asked to collect data on either one or two animal behaviors during a 50-minute presentation. Interobserver agreement was calculated to determine whether visitors could collect data in agreement with an independent observer. Results indicated that visitor collected data was within the acceptable range of agreement. Additionally, Q methodology was used to measure visitor beliefs about captive wildlife before and after attending an educational presentation with captive gray wolves present. Results indicated that while visitor beliefs varied from pre- to post-sort, these changes were not statistically significant.
    • Garden Rememory In My Garden (Book) By Jamaica Kincaid

      Valens, Keja; Wright, Heather (2022-12)
      My Garden (Book) is a collection of essays by Jamica Kincaid. In My Garden (Book) rememory is part of the storytelling and the overall narrative structure. Rememory appears as a recursive happening that allows Kincaid space to return to the historical record to offer recovery. Rememory is present in Kincaid's connection to Antiguan botany and a past that flourishes in the modern present; it exists as a bridge upon which much of the western African diaspora flows. Rememory is also present in the narrative structure of My Garden (Book). Kincaid shakes up the expectations of a narrative form; she breaks sentence structure with thought interruptions, jumps through time and place, inserts lists, and letters, and disrupts categorization and order, such as chapter titles. Rememory becomes an active agent in the narrative storytelling of the garden, excavates otherwise forgotten narratives, and demands a change in thinking, form, and the historical record.
    • A Guide To Embracing The Multicultural Classroom As A White Educator In Boston

      Girard, Jill; Grimes, Catherine
      Effective teaching goes beyond strong lesson plans and curriculum. It’s important for educators to have a deeper understanding of a student’s culture to maximize learning. This project explores culture, specifically the diverse cultures in a classroom. It serves as a guide for white educators to effectively teach students of diverse cultures in a classroom, with special attention to the students within Boston Public Schools. This project provides strategies and resources for an evolving, necessary topic of cultural responsiveness of white educators in the field of elementary education, specifically in Boston. The layout of this project is a guide. The guide can be read on this document or through a website to accommodate accessibility. This guide draws on research from different reputable sources within the education field, primarily Zaretta Hammond’s book, Culturally Responsive Teaching and the Brain. Through my research, I have been able to intake and organize a guide of approaches with supporting resources for white educators with discussion of culture and Boston Public School statistics.
    • Whitman Travels: Expectations Vs Reality

      Boardman, Phoenix; Bohm, Cinnamon; Libby, Alicia; Mager, Amanda; Pena, Ashley (2020)
      Zine created by students in IDS 333A and explores the expectations that a traveler has of their destination locale versus the reality of the lived experience. This is explored through the lens of Walter Whitman, a professor at Salem State College in the early 20th century, and current study abroad students. Comparisions are made through architecture, burials, clothing, festivals, and transportation. Zine uses archival material from the Whitman Collection at Salem State University Archives and Special Collections.
    • Water We Doing To Our Planet?

      Rochlin, Theo; Valatka, Jeremy; Gutierrez, Jaiden (2021)
      Zine created by ENG 110 students on the topic of water pollution. Zine discusses what black carbon is, why we should care, how we can help, how to secure safe drinking water, and other environmental issues affecting our planet. Works cited included.
    • What Is White Privilege

      Flynn, Dan (2023)
      The zine of White Privilege describes the privilege of white Christian men and the difficulty of black men and women. It starts back from slavery. Then it goes on to describe land opportunity for white men, but the opportunity for other races and gender have more of a struggle to succeed. Women's Suffrage and the Combahee River Collection describes what they have for "freedom" in America including race and gender. In the current days of America, it still includes violence and discrimination to people of other races and genders. A white man can have difficulties to succeed, but there are not as many obstacles that other races have.