1 00:00:01,285 --> 00:00:04,285 (deep upbeat music) 2 00:00:06,940 --> 00:00:10,633 - Hello everyone, thank you for joining us. 3 00:00:11,840 --> 00:00:14,230 I'm Elizabeth Kenney of CRCA, 4 00:00:14,230 --> 00:00:17,330 the Center for Research and Creative Activities. 5 00:00:17,330 --> 00:00:18,840 And I'm delighted to welcome you 6 00:00:18,840 --> 00:00:22,650 to the first lecture of the spring 2022, 7 00:00:22,650 --> 00:00:24,833 contemporary issue series. 8 00:00:25,820 --> 00:00:28,400 Each year, the contemporary issue series 9 00:00:28,400 --> 00:00:32,300 presents three lectures that examine a critical issue 10 00:00:32,300 --> 00:00:34,370 from different perspectives. 11 00:00:34,370 --> 00:00:38,030 This year, the theme is climate change. 12 00:00:38,030 --> 00:00:40,337 The ongoing series is sponsored by CRCA 13 00:00:40,337 --> 00:00:42,310 and the Berry Library. 14 00:00:42,310 --> 00:00:44,560 But this year we are particularly honored 15 00:00:44,560 --> 00:00:46,990 to have the Earth Days planning committee 16 00:00:46,990 --> 00:00:49,620 join us as co-sponsors. 17 00:00:49,620 --> 00:00:51,620 That committee has developed a schedule 18 00:00:51,620 --> 00:00:54,240 of more than 20 events this spring, 19 00:00:54,240 --> 00:00:58,790 most of which will occur between April 11 and 15. 20 00:00:58,790 --> 00:01:01,570 The theme of the Earth Day's programming this year 21 00:01:01,570 --> 00:01:06,570 is Climate Crises: Actions for Just and Livable World. 22 00:01:07,980 --> 00:01:09,220 After this event, 23 00:01:09,220 --> 00:01:13,050 we can send an email to participants that will include 24 00:01:13,050 --> 00:01:16,933 a link to the full spectrum of Earth Day activities. 25 00:01:18,070 --> 00:01:22,070 Tonight, to kick off the contemporary issues series, 26 00:01:22,070 --> 00:01:25,280 Dr. John Hayes of the Salem State University 27 00:01:25,280 --> 00:01:28,570 Geography and Sustainability Department 28 00:01:28,570 --> 00:01:32,070 examines the issue of climate change at local levels 29 00:01:32,070 --> 00:01:36,810 in his talk: climate action in climate resiliency planning 30 00:01:36,810 --> 00:01:40,010 by city, county and regional governments 31 00:01:40,010 --> 00:01:43,773 to confront and mitigate climate change. 32 00:01:45,280 --> 00:01:49,270 In the second lecture on Tuesday, April 5th, 33 00:01:49,270 --> 00:01:53,320 Dr. Noel Healy, Geography and Sustainability Department, 34 00:01:53,320 --> 00:01:56,980 expands that lens to address the climate change 35 00:01:56,980 --> 00:02:00,327 at the international and national levels in his talk: 36 00:02:00,327 --> 00:02:03,810 "Tackling Climate Change and Inequality Together, 37 00:02:03,810 --> 00:02:06,680 The Case for a Green New Deal. 38 00:02:06,680 --> 00:02:10,510 And again, we can send you links to the events. 39 00:02:10,510 --> 00:02:13,820 In the final talk on Tuesday, April 19th, 40 00:02:13,820 --> 00:02:16,210 Terry Gallagher, the Sustainability 41 00:02:16,210 --> 00:02:19,050 and Environmental Health and Safety Coordinator 42 00:02:19,050 --> 00:02:22,090 at Salem State will bring the issue home 43 00:02:22,090 --> 00:02:25,230 to the university level in her talk, 44 00:02:25,230 --> 00:02:29,030 Addressing Climate Change on Salem State's Campus 45 00:02:29,030 --> 00:02:30,383 and Why it Matters. 46 00:02:31,670 --> 00:02:34,960 All the lectures are recorded and archived. 47 00:02:34,960 --> 00:02:38,640 You can see any lecture you missed by following the link 48 00:02:38,640 --> 00:02:41,520 that we can send you in the follow up email. 49 00:02:41,520 --> 00:02:43,590 There will be a question and answer period 50 00:02:43,590 --> 00:02:45,920 at the end of this talk tonight, 51 00:02:45,920 --> 00:02:48,300 you can type in your questions at any time 52 00:02:48,300 --> 00:02:50,690 that you are inspired during the presentation, 53 00:02:50,690 --> 00:02:52,280 by clicking on the Q&A button 54 00:02:52,280 --> 00:02:53,793 at the bottom of your screen. 55 00:02:54,650 --> 00:02:57,500 The moderator whom I will introduce in a minute, 56 00:02:57,500 --> 00:02:59,290 will ask questions of the speaker 57 00:02:59,290 --> 00:03:01,530 and may have to combine some of the questions 58 00:03:01,530 --> 00:03:03,860 if they repeat similar things. 59 00:03:03,860 --> 00:03:07,150 We'll be wrapping up at eight and apologize in advance, 60 00:03:07,150 --> 00:03:10,650 if we don't get to your question due to limited time. 61 00:03:10,650 --> 00:03:13,310 If you should happen to get bumped out of the webinar, 62 00:03:13,310 --> 00:03:16,773 you can quit Zoom and then reenter using the same link. 63 00:03:17,860 --> 00:03:19,810 Closed captioning is available 64 00:03:19,810 --> 00:03:22,110 by clicking on the live transcript button 65 00:03:22,110 --> 00:03:24,240 at the bottom of your screen. 66 00:03:24,240 --> 00:03:27,860 Before I introduce our moderator for this evening, 67 00:03:27,860 --> 00:03:32,320 we would all like to express our enthusiastic gratitude 68 00:03:32,320 --> 00:03:33,330 to Gail Rankin 69 00:03:33,330 --> 00:03:36,503 for providing technical support and expertise. 70 00:03:37,570 --> 00:03:41,850 The 2022 series organizer and today's moderator 71 00:03:41,850 --> 00:03:43,730 is Professor Stephen Young 72 00:03:43,730 --> 00:03:47,410 of the Geography and Sustainability Department. 73 00:03:47,410 --> 00:03:50,810 Dr. Young is a former chair of that department. 74 00:03:50,810 --> 00:03:53,630 His current research focuses on climate change 75 00:03:53,630 --> 00:03:55,050 in New England. 76 00:03:55,050 --> 00:03:57,290 Recent publications include papers 77 00:03:57,290 --> 00:03:59,760 on temperature change in New England, 78 00:03:59,760 --> 00:04:03,690 snow cover change in New England and the use of drones 79 00:04:03,690 --> 00:04:07,520 in climate change adaptation here on the north shore. 80 00:04:07,520 --> 00:04:11,370 Thank you professor Young for creating such a timely 81 00:04:11,370 --> 00:04:13,943 and engaging lecture series. 82 00:04:18,480 --> 00:04:19,370 - Thank you, Elizabeth, 83 00:04:19,370 --> 00:04:23,274 I appreciate the kind words that you have provided, 84 00:04:23,274 --> 00:04:27,700 and I'm also very thankful that you have taken this 85 00:04:27,700 --> 00:04:30,583 lecture series on and supported it, 86 00:04:30,583 --> 00:04:33,150 and as you did last year and this year, 87 00:04:33,150 --> 00:04:34,160 most appreciate that. 88 00:04:34,160 --> 00:04:37,170 And also I do wanna thank Gail Rankin as well 89 00:04:37,170 --> 00:04:40,533 to help us with the webinar, most appreciated. 90 00:04:41,580 --> 00:04:43,120 It gives me great pleasure 91 00:04:43,120 --> 00:04:47,550 to introduce my colleague and friend Dr. John Hayes. 92 00:04:47,550 --> 00:04:49,350 Dr. Hayes is an Associate Professor 93 00:04:49,350 --> 00:04:51,520 in the Geography and Sustainability Department 94 00:04:51,520 --> 00:04:53,330 at Salem state University. 95 00:04:53,330 --> 00:04:56,630 He teaches a wide range of physical geography, 96 00:04:56,630 --> 00:04:59,030 natural resources and environmental courses 97 00:04:59,030 --> 00:05:01,463 in both our undergraduate and masters programs. 98 00:05:03,320 --> 00:05:05,550 His current major area of research 99 00:05:05,550 --> 00:05:08,900 is in climate change planning by cities in New England 100 00:05:08,900 --> 00:05:11,480 and selected cities in the US. 101 00:05:11,480 --> 00:05:14,930 Professor Hayes is serving his fifth three year term 102 00:05:14,930 --> 00:05:17,250 as a member of the city of Salem's 103 00:05:17,250 --> 00:05:20,930 Sustainability, Energy and Resiliency Committee, 104 00:05:20,930 --> 00:05:22,243 which he now chairs. 105 00:05:23,090 --> 00:05:25,280 He was also appointed by the mayor 106 00:05:25,280 --> 00:05:27,850 to serve on the city's climate change 107 00:05:27,850 --> 00:05:31,340 vulnerability and adaptation working group. 108 00:05:31,340 --> 00:05:34,940 And he's been a contributing member of an advisory group 109 00:05:34,940 --> 00:05:39,353 to the joint Salem Beverly Climate Action Planning Effort, 110 00:05:40,593 --> 00:05:41,793 resilient together. 111 00:05:42,670 --> 00:05:44,640 Dr. Hayes has served as the vice president 112 00:05:44,640 --> 00:05:46,350 and president of the New England 113 00:05:46,350 --> 00:05:49,280 St. Lawrence Valley Geographical Society 114 00:05:49,280 --> 00:05:50,990 as regional counselor 115 00:05:50,990 --> 00:05:53,670 on the American Association of Geographers 116 00:05:53,670 --> 00:05:55,150 governing council, 117 00:05:55,150 --> 00:05:57,880 and is now serving on the association's 118 00:05:57,880 --> 00:06:00,680 Climate Action Task Force. 119 00:06:00,680 --> 00:06:05,010 Dr. Hayes received his PhD and masters in geography 120 00:06:05,010 --> 00:06:07,780 from UCLA and his BA in geography 121 00:06:07,780 --> 00:06:11,780 with a math minor from Bowling Green State University. 122 00:06:11,780 --> 00:06:16,700 And I wanna add one other thing is that Professor Hayes is 123 00:06:18,190 --> 00:06:20,210 volunteered so much of his time, 124 00:06:20,210 --> 00:06:22,650 his free time and his expertise 125 00:06:22,650 --> 00:06:25,870 to the local governments in the region. 126 00:06:25,870 --> 00:06:29,920 And I'm very excited to hear his talk tonight about how 127 00:06:29,920 --> 00:06:33,670 the regional governments play a role 128 00:06:33,670 --> 00:06:37,410 in combating climate change and adapting to climate change. 129 00:06:37,410 --> 00:06:41,740 So please, I wish we were all in a room together, 130 00:06:41,740 --> 00:06:44,060 and I would ask you to warmly 131 00:06:44,060 --> 00:06:46,360 join me with warmly welcoming professor Hayes, 132 00:06:46,360 --> 00:06:48,690 but I'm gonna do it for all of us. 133 00:06:48,690 --> 00:06:50,070 So, John, thank you very much 134 00:06:50,070 --> 00:06:53,980 for taking the time to talk with us tonight. 135 00:06:53,980 --> 00:06:55,080 - Thank you, Steve. 136 00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:57,919 Thank you so much for your kind introduction 137 00:06:57,919 --> 00:07:02,410 and Elizabeth and Gail for your support 138 00:07:02,410 --> 00:07:03,440 in this effort tonight. 139 00:07:03,440 --> 00:07:04,700 So hello everybody, 140 00:07:04,700 --> 00:07:08,480 I'm gonna do a share screen and we'll get started here 141 00:07:12,740 --> 00:07:16,800 and there we go. 142 00:07:16,800 --> 00:07:19,660 So can everybody see that? 143 00:07:19,660 --> 00:07:20,710 I assume so. 144 00:07:20,710 --> 00:07:23,393 So welcome, I'm really looking forward to tonight, 145 00:07:24,320 --> 00:07:29,320 I do climate action planning in my courses. 146 00:07:30,410 --> 00:07:32,330 So I teach global climate change, 147 00:07:32,330 --> 00:07:34,963 which is climate change science and policy. 148 00:07:35,810 --> 00:07:37,440 I do research on this 149 00:07:37,440 --> 00:07:39,810 and then I'm devoted to the city of Salem 150 00:07:39,810 --> 00:07:42,830 so it just all kind of comes together, 151 00:07:42,830 --> 00:07:46,780 and the city benefits from my training and my 152 00:07:48,400 --> 00:07:51,060 just wanting to just keep learning 153 00:07:51,060 --> 00:07:54,010 about how to mitigate climate change. 154 00:07:54,010 --> 00:07:56,310 So for the students in the audience, 155 00:07:56,310 --> 00:07:59,720 this could have been another title for my talk. 156 00:07:59,720 --> 00:08:00,800 As I'm showing you, 157 00:08:00,800 --> 00:08:01,900 and I'm probably not gonna finish 158 00:08:01,900 --> 00:08:03,610 everything I wanted to say, 159 00:08:03,610 --> 00:08:05,410 but I want you to think about that, 160 00:08:05,410 --> 00:08:09,210 everything I'm showing you requires a trained staff, 161 00:08:09,210 --> 00:08:12,490 a dedicated person, attention to detail, 162 00:08:12,490 --> 00:08:15,090 and you care about protecting the environment 163 00:08:15,090 --> 00:08:19,700 and you could be a part of a city, a regional government, 164 00:08:19,700 --> 00:08:22,260 regional planning agency, state government, 165 00:08:22,260 --> 00:08:25,990 a nonprofit doing climate action planning, 166 00:08:25,990 --> 00:08:29,070 resiliency planning, adaptation planning, 167 00:08:29,070 --> 00:08:31,910 natural hazards, mitigation assessment, 168 00:08:31,910 --> 00:08:36,570 and all of this ties into totally into sustainability. 169 00:08:36,570 --> 00:08:40,873 So think about that as I talk tonight. 170 00:08:44,050 --> 00:08:45,210 Here's the website 171 00:08:45,210 --> 00:08:47,570 for the sustainability energy and resiliency committee 172 00:08:47,570 --> 00:08:51,550 that I chair and our dedicated group of volunteers, 173 00:08:51,550 --> 00:08:55,040 we're all volunteers, this committee meets monthly, 174 00:08:55,040 --> 00:08:59,290 the chair and the vice chair meet bimonthly 175 00:08:59,290 --> 00:09:01,700 to prepare for the month. 176 00:09:01,700 --> 00:09:06,700 So it's a, and of course, wonderful city staff, 177 00:09:06,810 --> 00:09:10,130 and we actually have three and a half positions now. 178 00:09:10,130 --> 00:09:13,900 So it's really an amazing improvement 179 00:09:13,900 --> 00:09:18,900 with the city of Salem to strive for sustainability. 180 00:09:19,550 --> 00:09:21,570 So I'm gonna give a quick review 181 00:09:21,570 --> 00:09:23,860 of evidence of climate change. 182 00:09:23,860 --> 00:09:26,030 I'm speaking to an audience, 183 00:09:26,030 --> 00:09:28,810 you probably see it in your face, 184 00:09:28,810 --> 00:09:32,010 but I'm just gonna do a rapid fire look. 185 00:09:32,010 --> 00:09:33,640 We can't do climate action planning 186 00:09:33,640 --> 00:09:35,880 without talking about greenhouse gases, 187 00:09:35,880 --> 00:09:38,710 and then I'm gonna focus on city planning, 188 00:09:38,710 --> 00:09:41,070 but I'll try to, 189 00:09:41,070 --> 00:09:43,690 if I have time to show you also 190 00:09:43,690 --> 00:09:45,410 that it's done by counties 191 00:09:45,410 --> 00:09:49,780 and RPAs and state government, of course, 192 00:09:49,780 --> 00:09:52,170 and even local environmental groups. 193 00:09:52,170 --> 00:09:54,940 And to the audience, 194 00:09:54,940 --> 00:09:59,110 when I came to Salem state and learned about 195 00:09:59,110 --> 00:10:02,750 counties in Massachusetts, it was a big shock. 196 00:10:02,750 --> 00:10:06,490 I'm from Ohio, I went to grad school in California 197 00:10:06,490 --> 00:10:09,530 and across our country county government exists. 198 00:10:09,530 --> 00:10:14,530 So I was pretty surprised when I came to Massachusetts, 199 00:10:16,030 --> 00:10:18,620 I've been teaching and having a unit on 200 00:10:18,620 --> 00:10:20,990 climate change science and policy, 201 00:10:20,990 --> 00:10:23,930 in almost all my classes over the years. 202 00:10:23,930 --> 00:10:27,130 And 15, 20 years ago, 203 00:10:27,130 --> 00:10:30,450 I would talk about prevention of climate change. 204 00:10:30,450 --> 00:10:33,210 And then I would talk about how to mitigate, 205 00:10:33,210 --> 00:10:36,070 if you can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, 206 00:10:36,070 --> 00:10:39,250 you can then reduce the severity 207 00:10:39,250 --> 00:10:43,360 of the impacts of climate change in terms of ocean warming, 208 00:10:43,360 --> 00:10:47,150 air temperature warming, melting of land-based ice, 209 00:10:47,150 --> 00:10:48,650 et cetera, et cetera. 210 00:10:48,650 --> 00:10:53,080 And then would talk a bit about adaptation. 211 00:10:53,080 --> 00:10:56,743 Well, in the last 10, towards 15 years, 212 00:10:58,420 --> 00:11:00,470 the prevention of climate change 213 00:11:00,470 --> 00:11:02,463 is totally an historical footnote. 214 00:11:04,310 --> 00:11:05,940 Climate change is here, 215 00:11:05,940 --> 00:11:08,290 and it's been here for 20 plus years, 216 00:11:08,290 --> 00:11:12,100 especially in terms of just really in the data 217 00:11:12,100 --> 00:11:16,250 observed evidence 2022 years, especially, 218 00:11:16,250 --> 00:11:20,070 and so our efforts gotta be to mitigate 219 00:11:20,070 --> 00:11:24,290 and to do planning for adaptation. 220 00:11:24,290 --> 00:11:28,110 So here's my rapid fire, I'm gonna keep track of the time, 221 00:11:28,110 --> 00:11:32,713 the astounding floods in west Europe a year ago, 222 00:11:33,760 --> 00:11:37,500 that's hydrologists think it was like a once in a 223 00:11:37,500 --> 00:11:39,260 500 year event, 224 00:11:39,260 --> 00:11:41,623 or once in a 300 year event, 225 00:11:42,480 --> 00:11:47,480 rain event that struck Belgium and Germany. 226 00:11:47,870 --> 00:11:51,610 And climate change scientists have already begun 227 00:11:51,610 --> 00:11:54,520 to do attribution to 228 00:11:55,750 --> 00:11:59,763 the role that climate change played in the deadly floods. 229 00:12:02,420 --> 00:12:07,420 The data about Greenland and Antarctica is just remarkable. 230 00:12:07,760 --> 00:12:11,290 The accelerated melt is faster than scientists thought, 231 00:12:11,290 --> 00:12:12,813 especially with Greenland. 232 00:12:13,889 --> 00:12:15,860 And this was the Boston Globe 233 00:12:15,860 --> 00:12:18,370 that was first carried in the Washington Post 234 00:12:19,510 --> 00:12:21,700 of this weekend, 235 00:12:21,700 --> 00:12:25,330 about the astounding warming, 236 00:12:25,330 --> 00:12:30,330 warmth of the Arctic, Greenland and Antarctica. 237 00:12:32,970 --> 00:12:36,380 Some of you have probably heard about the permafrost thaw, 238 00:12:36,380 --> 00:12:37,560 the positive feedback, 239 00:12:37,560 --> 00:12:42,100 maybe we teach our students about the methane release, 240 00:12:42,100 --> 00:12:47,100 but this was from the CBC, Canadian Broadcast Company. 241 00:12:47,880 --> 00:12:50,920 And their title here, 242 00:12:50,920 --> 00:12:54,230 they interviewed scientists about the permafrost thaw. 243 00:12:54,230 --> 00:12:57,980 And this is just a perfect description 244 00:12:57,980 --> 00:13:00,730 of the importance of permafrost. 245 00:13:00,730 --> 00:13:05,730 It's the glue that holds the Northern landscape together. 246 00:13:05,840 --> 00:13:10,840 And so this is right in our face about thawing permafrost. 247 00:13:12,500 --> 00:13:15,980 Climate change and fire is global from the Arctic 248 00:13:15,980 --> 00:13:20,060 to the Tundra and the permafrost Tundra, excuse me, 249 00:13:20,060 --> 00:13:24,760 in the pit of Greenland burning that's 2019 and 20, 250 00:13:24,760 --> 00:13:29,160 the Siberian heat anomaly over the past several summers 251 00:13:29,160 --> 00:13:32,900 is absolutely astounding to have a heat anomaly 252 00:13:32,900 --> 00:13:35,180 of four to eight Celsius. 253 00:13:35,180 --> 00:13:37,840 That's like 15 degrees of Fahrenheit. 254 00:13:37,840 --> 00:13:40,993 It is for the summer, it's just remarkable. 255 00:13:42,180 --> 00:13:44,740 Fires across Australia, 256 00:13:44,740 --> 00:13:47,480 where I believe there's an assessment 257 00:13:47,480 --> 00:13:50,940 of about a billion animals perished in those fires 258 00:13:50,940 --> 00:13:52,193 a couple of years ago. 259 00:13:53,180 --> 00:13:56,110 And then I'm sure you're all familiar with Amazon 260 00:13:57,100 --> 00:14:00,810 and the New York Times in March of this year, 261 00:14:00,810 --> 00:14:04,320 interviewed scientists regarding the tipping points research 262 00:14:04,320 --> 00:14:05,393 that's going on. 263 00:14:06,260 --> 00:14:11,260 And the scientists are worried about the carbon sink 264 00:14:11,630 --> 00:14:13,870 tipping point threshold of the Amazon 265 00:14:13,870 --> 00:14:18,870 with heat and drought and fire and logging, right? 266 00:14:22,540 --> 00:14:25,980 The fires in California, we all are familiar with, 267 00:14:25,980 --> 00:14:29,950 and this is paradise just the, the 2018 fire 268 00:14:29,950 --> 00:14:33,823 was the most expensive natural disaster of 2018 globally, 269 00:14:34,984 --> 00:14:38,693 and just horrific. 270 00:14:40,240 --> 00:14:45,240 And then last summer was just this extremity, 271 00:14:45,520 --> 00:14:49,140 the extreme heat that led to mortality, 272 00:14:49,140 --> 00:14:53,113 excess mortality with the heat wave. 273 00:14:54,260 --> 00:14:56,430 In a region that has no air conditioning, 274 00:14:56,430 --> 00:14:59,200 British Columbia, Canada, and Seattle, 275 00:14:59,200 --> 00:15:03,110 and the Pacific Northwest has very little AC 276 00:15:03,110 --> 00:15:06,553 because of the Marine west coast climate. 277 00:15:07,760 --> 00:15:09,080 And then this is the worry 278 00:15:09,080 --> 00:15:10,820 for everybody who studies climate change, 279 00:15:10,820 --> 00:15:15,820 water hydroelectricity, fire, firefighting in the west 280 00:15:15,900 --> 00:15:20,900 is just is the mega drought potential of this enduring heat, 281 00:15:23,730 --> 00:15:25,713 15 of the last 20 years. 282 00:15:27,180 --> 00:15:29,550 So anyways, if you wanna see it all in one slide, 283 00:15:29,550 --> 00:15:33,160 there you go from the union of concerned scientists, 284 00:15:33,160 --> 00:15:34,600 10 signs of global warming, 285 00:15:34,600 --> 00:15:37,963 if the students wanna go to that link. 286 00:15:39,200 --> 00:15:41,500 So what is climate action planning? 287 00:15:41,500 --> 00:15:44,530 It's to can we, can cities and towns 288 00:15:44,530 --> 00:15:48,120 contribute to mitigation, reduce their emissions, 289 00:15:48,120 --> 00:15:50,090 be efficient with their energy, 290 00:15:50,090 --> 00:15:51,973 transition from fossil fuels, 291 00:15:53,682 --> 00:15:57,670 which will be a contribution to fighting climate change. 292 00:15:57,670 --> 00:16:02,310 And then cities are, can't wait to think about adaptation 293 00:16:02,310 --> 00:16:05,220 so it's gotta be done simultaneously. 294 00:16:05,220 --> 00:16:07,923 So this is what climate action planning is, 295 00:16:09,171 --> 00:16:12,380 it's also assessing your risk to climate change, 296 00:16:12,380 --> 00:16:16,617 your vulnerability, your assets, your city assets, 297 00:16:17,700 --> 00:16:20,060 your Peabody Essex Museum, 298 00:16:20,060 --> 00:16:23,730 your sewage treatment plant, your police station. 299 00:16:23,730 --> 00:16:26,623 And it's your et cetera, et cetera. 300 00:16:27,830 --> 00:16:32,160 Assessing your resiliency to climate change. 301 00:16:32,160 --> 00:16:36,510 Can you build in resiliency with natural climate solutions? 302 00:16:36,510 --> 00:16:39,170 As you build in resiliency and do 303 00:16:41,180 --> 00:16:44,970 adaptation to climate change and climate action planning, 304 00:16:44,970 --> 00:16:49,320 you need to incorporate and think about justice and equity. 305 00:16:49,320 --> 00:16:51,623 And as you try to decarbonize, 306 00:16:52,670 --> 00:16:54,860 the goal is to get solar on rooftops, 307 00:16:54,860 --> 00:16:57,660 solar photovoltaic on rooftops, 308 00:16:57,660 --> 00:17:00,040 and it should not just be the upper middle class 309 00:17:00,040 --> 00:17:04,190 or middle class that knows how to pull the wet levers 310 00:17:04,190 --> 00:17:09,190 of getting grants and bank loans to utilize mass save. 311 00:17:10,740 --> 00:17:15,140 So a just transition and decarbonation strategies 312 00:17:16,484 --> 00:17:17,980 have to build in equity. 313 00:17:17,980 --> 00:17:19,740 So all this is happening, 314 00:17:19,740 --> 00:17:22,070 cities and towns are at the forefront 315 00:17:22,070 --> 00:17:24,063 and have been for over 20 years. 316 00:17:25,290 --> 00:17:29,220 So before we take a look at that, I wanna just, 317 00:17:29,220 --> 00:17:31,490 we need to talk about greenhouse gases. 318 00:17:31,490 --> 00:17:36,490 This is from the United States Inventory in 2019. 319 00:17:37,000 --> 00:17:40,110 So when you look at the excess greenhouse gases 320 00:17:40,110 --> 00:17:43,300 by human actions in the United States of America, 321 00:17:43,300 --> 00:17:48,300 80% of it is carbon dioxide, 10% is methane. 322 00:17:48,320 --> 00:17:50,920 So carbon oxide is fossil fuel combustion, 323 00:17:50,920 --> 00:17:55,920 cement manufacturing, some steel, methane is fracking, 324 00:17:57,890 --> 00:18:01,670 methane releases, inadvertent from fracking, 325 00:18:01,670 --> 00:18:05,530 rice agriculture, animal agriculture, 326 00:18:05,530 --> 00:18:07,630 our beef and dairy cattle, 327 00:18:07,630 --> 00:18:10,320 nitrous oxide is also from fossil fuels, 328 00:18:10,320 --> 00:18:14,010 but also soil management and agriculture. 329 00:18:14,010 --> 00:18:16,640 And the dilemma of climate change 330 00:18:16,640 --> 00:18:18,930 is as cities get hotter and hotter, 331 00:18:18,930 --> 00:18:23,930 the refrigerants are potent greenhouse gases. 332 00:18:25,030 --> 00:18:29,430 And so even though the Montreal protocol was amazing 333 00:18:29,430 --> 00:18:33,173 for the ozone hole confronting the ozone hole, 334 00:18:35,030 --> 00:18:39,750 the air conditioning now does not deplete the ozone layer, 335 00:18:39,750 --> 00:18:41,763 but it's a powerful greenhouse gas. 336 00:18:42,970 --> 00:18:47,020 So here's the pie chart for the US, United States. 337 00:18:47,020 --> 00:18:51,960 So there's carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, 338 00:18:51,960 --> 00:18:54,010 and the fluorinated gases. 339 00:18:54,010 --> 00:18:56,700 And it all has to be tackled in climate action planning 340 00:18:56,700 --> 00:18:58,410 by cities and towns. 341 00:18:58,410 --> 00:19:01,610 So in terms of generation of electricity 342 00:19:01,610 --> 00:19:05,263 and transportation is the biggest. 343 00:19:06,170 --> 00:19:07,980 Look at that, transportation, 344 00:19:07,980 --> 00:19:12,340 then generation of electricity, then industry, 345 00:19:12,340 --> 00:19:15,080 then agriculture, then residential, 346 00:19:15,080 --> 00:19:17,810 commercial, excuse me, then residential. 347 00:19:17,810 --> 00:19:21,550 So climate action planning by cities and towns has to, 348 00:19:21,550 --> 00:19:25,340 has to confront it all in all sectors. 349 00:19:25,340 --> 00:19:28,740 And if students and the audience wants to look at at our, 350 00:19:28,740 --> 00:19:31,230 our emissions and sinks, 351 00:19:31,230 --> 00:19:36,230 one remarkable source is the EPA, US EPA. 352 00:19:36,670 --> 00:19:39,113 All right, so what is a climate action plan? 353 00:19:40,611 --> 00:19:45,611 ICLEI really contributed to the city effort in our country, 354 00:19:47,540 --> 00:19:51,153 as well as internationally so they still exist. 355 00:19:52,506 --> 00:19:56,840 They've kind of transitioned to sustainability planning 356 00:19:56,840 --> 00:19:58,700 as well as climate action planning 357 00:20:01,040 --> 00:20:04,630 and so Salem, as you see, here's some, a list of cities. 358 00:20:04,630 --> 00:20:08,420 This was about from 15 years ago and Salem, we were early, 359 00:20:08,420 --> 00:20:11,403 Cambridge was early, Brookline was early, 360 00:20:12,449 --> 00:20:16,200 we were leaders in the common wealth to, 361 00:20:16,200 --> 00:20:18,620 to be a city for climate protection 362 00:20:18,620 --> 00:20:22,510 and to start to tackle mitigation. 363 00:20:22,510 --> 00:20:24,270 So here's the five basic steps, 364 00:20:24,270 --> 00:20:27,540 the city of Salem did become a city for climate protection 365 00:20:29,020 --> 00:20:33,160 and geography majors at Salem State, 366 00:20:33,160 --> 00:20:36,840 under my advisement, working with the city and SAFE, 367 00:20:36,840 --> 00:20:39,900 it was a nice tandem began to do 368 00:20:39,900 --> 00:20:43,250 the first emissions inventory for the city of Salem. 369 00:20:43,250 --> 00:20:44,560 It was Ben Walsh, 370 00:20:44,560 --> 00:20:47,100 Steve Young might remember Ben Walsh, 371 00:20:47,100 --> 00:20:51,430 geography major back in about 2002, 372 00:20:51,430 --> 00:20:53,513 began to do this for the city of Salem. 373 00:20:54,550 --> 00:20:56,660 Then a city sets an emissions target, 374 00:20:56,660 --> 00:21:01,660 they set a goal and they have their data from past years 375 00:21:03,170 --> 00:21:07,920 and they usually was trying to reduce below a past year 376 00:21:07,920 --> 00:21:10,280 by a certain year, right? 377 00:21:10,280 --> 00:21:12,630 So then you develop the local action plan 378 00:21:13,531 --> 00:21:15,510 to reduce your emissions. 379 00:21:15,510 --> 00:21:18,473 You implement the plan, you monitor the results. 380 00:21:20,190 --> 00:21:24,033 So city of Salem, we've benefited from, 381 00:21:25,710 --> 00:21:30,710 city of sorry of Cambridge, Boston, other cities, Brookline, 382 00:21:31,180 --> 00:21:35,260 and to learn. 383 00:21:35,260 --> 00:21:38,520 And so my students and the city, 384 00:21:38,520 --> 00:21:43,030 we benefited from Cambridge being kind of an early leader 385 00:21:43,890 --> 00:21:46,330 and with their climate action planning. 386 00:21:46,330 --> 00:21:49,270 And this is a table of contents of what a sorry, 387 00:21:49,270 --> 00:21:53,750 a local action plan climate protection plan tries to do 388 00:21:53,750 --> 00:21:55,583 so you do your inventory, 389 00:21:57,971 --> 00:22:00,620 you set your target, 390 00:22:00,620 --> 00:22:05,620 and then you strategize with city staff, a city advisory, 391 00:22:07,950 --> 00:22:10,690 energy task force, sustainably task force, 392 00:22:10,690 --> 00:22:12,660 city staff dedicated to the effort, 393 00:22:12,660 --> 00:22:15,630 the mayor or town manager dedicated to the effort. 394 00:22:15,630 --> 00:22:18,980 And you look at your fossil fuel consumption, 395 00:22:18,980 --> 00:22:22,110 how to be greener and strategies for that. 396 00:22:22,110 --> 00:22:24,610 You look at your transportation, 397 00:22:24,610 --> 00:22:27,650 your fleet of city vehicles, et cetera. 398 00:22:27,650 --> 00:22:28,990 You look at your land use, 399 00:22:28,990 --> 00:22:31,313 your urban tree canopy, your management, 400 00:22:32,650 --> 00:22:35,260 you look at your waste management 401 00:22:35,260 --> 00:22:40,260 and then you have to devote staff and budget to implement. 402 00:22:41,490 --> 00:22:43,953 And that's what climate action planning is doing. 403 00:22:45,250 --> 00:22:47,703 It was updated by Cambridge in 2011, 404 00:22:49,370 --> 00:22:51,320 they did not meet their goal, 405 00:22:51,320 --> 00:22:53,260 but here's interesting about when they, 406 00:22:53,260 --> 00:22:55,340 their first climate action plan. 407 00:22:55,340 --> 00:22:59,660 One of the reasons was they had in really large scale 408 00:22:59,660 --> 00:23:02,840 new urban development in the biotechnology sector, 409 00:23:02,840 --> 00:23:04,760 investing in Cambridge, 410 00:23:04,760 --> 00:23:06,820 and there's a big energy footprint 411 00:23:06,820 --> 00:23:09,220 for the biotechnology sector. 412 00:23:09,220 --> 00:23:13,390 So they didn't meet their original goal, and so, 413 00:23:13,390 --> 00:23:15,410 but they also, it was good, 414 00:23:15,410 --> 00:23:19,180 there is a climate perspective to this that, 415 00:23:19,180 --> 00:23:22,610 that the job growth happened in a less, 416 00:23:22,610 --> 00:23:24,220 in a more urban area, 417 00:23:24,220 --> 00:23:28,120 instead of potentially having a land cover change 418 00:23:28,120 --> 00:23:32,453 in a more rural area that cut trees down or used farmland. 419 00:23:34,190 --> 00:23:35,950 So there is a benefit to that, 420 00:23:35,950 --> 00:23:39,050 but then as years have gone by, 421 00:23:39,050 --> 00:23:42,750 the city of Cambridge has begun to meet their goals 422 00:23:42,750 --> 00:23:44,443 going into the next decade. 423 00:23:46,770 --> 00:23:48,930 Cities are going from climate action planning 424 00:23:48,930 --> 00:23:51,230 to sustainability, just like Salem 425 00:23:54,090 --> 00:23:55,620 and resiliency planning. 426 00:23:55,620 --> 00:23:59,433 so it's kind of an evolution and some of it simultaneous. 427 00:24:00,340 --> 00:24:04,843 Boston did it in 2014 and 2019, 428 00:24:06,810 --> 00:24:11,810 and I have my students look at these, 429 00:24:12,080 --> 00:24:14,460 these climate action planning. 430 00:24:14,460 --> 00:24:17,023 And so when I, so the students in the audience, 431 00:24:18,070 --> 00:24:22,543 this is city staff that is tackling this right? 432 00:24:24,870 --> 00:24:27,430 And so it's, it's in geography, 433 00:24:27,430 --> 00:24:29,980 we have transportation geography and planning. 434 00:24:29,980 --> 00:24:31,750 We have energy and environment, 435 00:24:31,750 --> 00:24:33,730 we have climate change. 436 00:24:33,730 --> 00:24:37,923 So, and other departments, 437 00:24:38,900 --> 00:24:42,680 there's a politics to climate action planning. 438 00:24:42,680 --> 00:24:45,613 And so there's many majors that could contribute to this. 439 00:24:47,270 --> 00:24:51,820 And the nitty gritty attention to detail assessment 440 00:24:51,820 --> 00:24:55,553 of an audit of greenhouse gas emissions is vital. 441 00:24:58,230 --> 00:25:01,520 Cities are trying to promote solar, including Salem, 442 00:25:01,520 --> 00:25:05,020 including Cambridge and Boston. 443 00:25:05,020 --> 00:25:08,440 GIS is used for rooftop solar mapping 444 00:25:08,440 --> 00:25:11,333 for the potential for solar photovoltaic. 445 00:25:12,170 --> 00:25:15,810 So this is the use of geographic information systems 446 00:25:15,810 --> 00:25:18,993 to do rooftop assessment of solar potential. 447 00:25:19,960 --> 00:25:21,670 I couldn't show this to you here 448 00:25:21,670 --> 00:25:24,760 because it's proprietary software, 449 00:25:24,760 --> 00:25:28,590 that's being used sometimes by the cities for the mapping. 450 00:25:28,590 --> 00:25:31,993 And I could not get access to this for Boston. 451 00:25:33,250 --> 00:25:37,560 And then Boston leading to climate change resiliency. 452 00:25:37,560 --> 00:25:39,960 So I'm gonna describe Salem. 453 00:25:39,960 --> 00:25:43,110 So we had an amazing governor, 454 00:25:43,110 --> 00:25:46,810 governor Deval Patrick and a state legislature 455 00:25:46,810 --> 00:25:50,760 that in 2008 passed the Global Warming Solutions Act 456 00:25:50,760 --> 00:25:52,900 and the Green Communities Act. 457 00:25:52,900 --> 00:25:57,900 So this was legislation that provided grants, 458 00:25:58,170 --> 00:26:01,560 technical assistance to cities and local support 459 00:26:01,560 --> 00:26:06,560 with regional coordinators to stimulate solar in cities, 460 00:26:09,760 --> 00:26:13,433 decarbonizing and being greener. 461 00:26:15,990 --> 00:26:18,960 And if you do the work to be a green community 462 00:26:18,960 --> 00:26:20,073 like Salem did, 463 00:26:21,240 --> 00:26:25,860 you then can benefit from funding from, 464 00:26:25,860 --> 00:26:26,693 and so look at this, 465 00:26:26,693 --> 00:26:30,483 this is 2018, 14.7 million to green communities. 466 00:26:31,421 --> 00:26:35,493 2018, 948,000 to seven, 467 00:26:36,460 --> 00:26:39,950 14.9 million to green communities. 468 00:26:39,950 --> 00:26:42,350 Where does this money come from? 469 00:26:42,350 --> 00:26:46,780 This money came from a very successful 470 00:26:46,780 --> 00:26:49,040 north in the Northeast RGGI, 471 00:26:49,040 --> 00:26:50,800 Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative 472 00:26:52,160 --> 00:26:56,400 that put a, basically a price on carbon pollution 473 00:26:56,400 --> 00:27:00,253 from generating electricity that goes into a fund. 474 00:27:02,152 --> 00:27:05,663 And then that is accumulating fund to sorry, 475 00:27:07,770 --> 00:27:12,580 to then provide funding in Massachusetts 476 00:27:12,580 --> 00:27:13,843 for green communities. 477 00:27:17,513 --> 00:27:18,380 So then Salem. 478 00:27:18,380 --> 00:27:19,213 So what does Salem, 479 00:27:19,213 --> 00:27:22,110 so Salem became a green community in 2010. 480 00:27:22,110 --> 00:27:25,243 There's Paul Marquis, our City of Salem Energy Manager. 481 00:27:26,700 --> 00:27:28,990 There I am on the renewable energy task force, 482 00:27:28,990 --> 00:27:30,680 we are advisory to the city, 483 00:27:30,680 --> 00:27:33,460 the Salem, the mayor, and the city council, 484 00:27:33,460 --> 00:27:36,630 the city council voted to be a green community 485 00:27:36,630 --> 00:27:39,890 to provides city staff to support it. 486 00:27:39,890 --> 00:27:42,170 You all, a lot of you know the mayor, 487 00:27:42,170 --> 00:27:46,690 mayor Kim Driscoll is a environmental mayor 488 00:27:46,690 --> 00:27:48,900 oriented towards environmental protection 489 00:27:50,524 --> 00:27:53,890 and the local environmental NGO, SAFE. 490 00:27:53,890 --> 00:27:56,683 So this was a combined effort, 491 00:27:58,570 --> 00:28:01,520 renewable energy task force, the mayor, 492 00:28:01,520 --> 00:28:03,320 we advised the mayor and the council 493 00:28:04,320 --> 00:28:07,270 SAFE, incredible activism by SAFE, 494 00:28:07,270 --> 00:28:11,080 and the city council voting 495 00:28:11,080 --> 00:28:13,023 and we became a green community. 496 00:28:14,754 --> 00:28:18,040 So that was 2010, 2012 and 14, there I am, 497 00:28:18,040 --> 00:28:21,410 I served on a advisory working group 498 00:28:21,410 --> 00:28:23,160 with Salem sound coast watches, 499 00:28:23,160 --> 00:28:25,570 executive director of Barbara Warren, 500 00:28:25,570 --> 00:28:29,600 and then Julie Knizol from who lives in Salem 501 00:28:29,600 --> 00:28:33,870 and is Salem sound sorry, coastal zone management, 502 00:28:33,870 --> 00:28:35,810 and then city staff 503 00:28:35,810 --> 00:28:39,120 to try to do an assessment of the vulnerability 504 00:28:39,120 --> 00:28:41,140 to climate change risk 505 00:28:41,140 --> 00:28:44,763 and to how to begin to plan for adapting. 506 00:28:46,629 --> 00:28:48,990 So an assessment of the assets of city of Salem, 507 00:28:48,990 --> 00:28:51,380 I mentioned that in my opening remarks, 508 00:28:51,380 --> 00:28:55,370 Peabody Essex museum, police station, et cetera. 509 00:28:55,370 --> 00:28:58,460 And then doing real concrete, 510 00:28:58,460 --> 00:29:03,030 this is very concrete sea walls, tidal gates, 511 00:29:03,030 --> 00:29:07,100 storm water system, pump stations, 512 00:29:07,100 --> 00:29:11,523 transportation network, power failure backup, 513 00:29:12,840 --> 00:29:15,460 preparedness for emergency. 514 00:29:15,460 --> 00:29:19,770 So this is a document that doesn't go and sit on a shelf. 515 00:29:19,770 --> 00:29:23,410 It really was concrete assessment. 516 00:29:23,410 --> 00:29:26,070 And it was with a company 517 00:29:26,070 --> 00:29:28,950 that the city of Salem contracted to called 518 00:29:28,950 --> 00:29:31,110 Camp Dresser & McKee Smith. 519 00:29:31,110 --> 00:29:34,290 So CDM is a huge environmental consulting company, 520 00:29:34,290 --> 00:29:35,660 an engineering company, 521 00:29:35,660 --> 00:29:37,360 but they have an internal subgroup 522 00:29:38,701 --> 00:29:41,350 that does climate action and vulnerably assessment 523 00:29:41,350 --> 00:29:43,340 that was CDM Smith. 524 00:29:43,340 --> 00:29:46,190 And we were one of the first cities in the Commonwealth 525 00:29:46,190 --> 00:29:48,420 to do a vulnerability assessment, 526 00:29:48,420 --> 00:29:51,560 this came out in December of 2014, 527 00:29:51,560 --> 00:29:56,560 and it was so 2012 to 2014, 2 year effort. 528 00:29:57,500 --> 00:30:02,010 We met in the summer big tables in a room with staff, 529 00:30:02,010 --> 00:30:06,710 and then met individually, the working group with CDM Smith 530 00:30:06,710 --> 00:30:07,863 during those two years. 531 00:30:10,270 --> 00:30:12,590 So that was 2012 to 14. 532 00:30:12,590 --> 00:30:14,630 In 2016, the city council 533 00:30:15,950 --> 00:30:19,950 adopted a 100% renewable energy resolution. 534 00:30:19,950 --> 00:30:23,100 It wasn't a binding resolution, but it was 535 00:30:24,980 --> 00:30:29,360 to put at the forefront for the city council and the city 536 00:30:29,360 --> 00:30:34,150 to decarbonize their energy supply 537 00:30:34,150 --> 00:30:36,500 that runs the municipal operations of the city. 538 00:30:37,500 --> 00:30:39,693 And I wanted for, because this is, 539 00:30:40,870 --> 00:30:42,793 I wanna give a plug here. 540 00:30:44,750 --> 00:30:47,110 We were, so this, 541 00:30:47,110 --> 00:30:52,110 the renewable energy task force and SAFE and MASSPIRG, 542 00:30:54,200 --> 00:30:56,890 which had interns from Salem State 543 00:30:56,890 --> 00:31:00,533 were instrumental to get this before the city council. 544 00:31:01,890 --> 00:31:05,240 In fact, MASSPIRG's interns from Salem Sate 545 00:31:05,240 --> 00:31:09,420 came and presented to the renewable energy task force. 546 00:31:09,420 --> 00:31:11,980 They did, they were wonderful presentation, 547 00:31:11,980 --> 00:31:14,060 a couple of them were geography majors. 548 00:31:14,060 --> 00:31:16,523 I think there were some poli-sci majors maybe, 549 00:31:18,308 --> 00:31:21,470 and they presented to the renewable energy task force. 550 00:31:21,470 --> 00:31:25,180 And I'm pretty sure they were at the city council 551 00:31:25,180 --> 00:31:29,310 when they voted on this renewable energy resolution, 552 00:31:29,310 --> 00:31:31,610 a hundred percent renewable energy resolution. 553 00:31:32,616 --> 00:31:35,180 So that was 2016. 554 00:31:35,180 --> 00:31:38,610 Then in 2020 and '21, 555 00:31:38,610 --> 00:31:42,450 we did climate action planning and we did a joint effort. 556 00:31:42,450 --> 00:31:47,030 Tara Gallagher, Salem State's sustainability coordinator 557 00:31:47,030 --> 00:31:50,030 was on the working group, so was I, 558 00:31:50,030 --> 00:31:52,693 so was one of our geography majors, Joey Welongovitz. 559 00:31:54,250 --> 00:31:56,520 And I think there were a couple of other 560 00:31:56,520 --> 00:31:58,620 Salem state students. 561 00:31:58,620 --> 00:32:00,280 There were some high school students, 562 00:32:00,280 --> 00:32:02,780 as Resilient Together Ambassadors 563 00:32:07,144 --> 00:32:10,644 and this is all can be as transparency and 564 00:32:13,630 --> 00:32:15,620 to try to show it to the public, 565 00:32:15,620 --> 00:32:19,910 showcase it to the public is a dashboard. 566 00:32:19,910 --> 00:32:22,950 And so you can see the inventory, you can see 567 00:32:23,900 --> 00:32:27,100 the buildings and development sector, the energy sector, 568 00:32:27,100 --> 00:32:29,860 the infrastructure sector, the mobility, 569 00:32:29,860 --> 00:32:34,860 the natural resources, natural climate solutions aspect. 570 00:32:34,930 --> 00:32:39,930 Our ecosystems that are eel grass ecosystems 571 00:32:41,080 --> 00:32:42,890 along our shores, 572 00:32:42,890 --> 00:32:45,853 public health and safety and solid waste. 573 00:32:48,524 --> 00:32:51,540 And lastly, this was last fall, 574 00:32:51,540 --> 00:32:56,390 a special resilient, and vulnerability assessment 575 00:32:56,390 --> 00:32:58,510 of The Point neighborhood. 576 00:32:58,510 --> 00:33:03,510 It was really well done, it was last fall, it was bilingual. 577 00:33:03,780 --> 00:33:08,780 And just so the city is trying to look at this neighborhood, 578 00:33:09,900 --> 00:33:12,100 which is environmental justice neighborhood, 579 00:33:13,240 --> 00:33:17,583 very high surface area of impervious surface. 580 00:33:18,418 --> 00:33:21,570 And I'm really looking forward to this going forward 581 00:33:21,570 --> 00:33:23,070 over the next year and a half. 582 00:33:25,930 --> 00:33:30,180 The state we live in a state has a foresight, 583 00:33:30,180 --> 00:33:34,630 and they did a climate change adaptation report in 2011, 584 00:33:34,630 --> 00:33:36,610 and then updated it in 2018. 585 00:33:39,540 --> 00:33:43,660 This is going on globally so if we have students that are, 586 00:33:43,660 --> 00:33:48,660 that have, that are willing to relocate all of the states, 587 00:33:48,760 --> 00:33:51,850 this is happening in cities and towns 588 00:33:51,850 --> 00:33:54,110 and happening in state government. 589 00:33:54,110 --> 00:33:57,633 So climate change planning in Vermont, Connecticut, 590 00:34:00,150 --> 00:34:02,050 the federal government has a, 591 00:34:02,050 --> 00:34:07,050 FEMA has a separate required at five year intervals, 592 00:34:07,280 --> 00:34:09,083 hazard mitigation plan. 593 00:34:10,420 --> 00:34:13,770 And the city of Salem did it, I think about two years ago, 594 00:34:13,770 --> 00:34:15,340 because I'm chair of CERC, 595 00:34:15,340 --> 00:34:18,813 I wrote extensive comments on the update. 596 00:34:23,324 --> 00:34:25,400 So city of Salem did it, 597 00:34:25,400 --> 00:34:27,713 it's also done required at the state level. 598 00:34:28,860 --> 00:34:33,540 Connecticut here is GIS based vulnerability assessment 599 00:34:33,540 --> 00:34:37,090 for a variety of natural hazards in Connecticut. 600 00:34:37,090 --> 00:34:39,483 So this is what's involved. 601 00:34:42,220 --> 00:34:45,960 It's done at the county level, so not in Massachusetts, 602 00:34:45,960 --> 00:34:48,940 but in other states, 603 00:34:48,940 --> 00:34:51,950 county government does hazard mitigation 604 00:34:51,950 --> 00:34:53,500 and climate action planning. 605 00:34:53,500 --> 00:34:55,833 This is Cumberland county, Maine. 606 00:34:57,120 --> 00:34:59,023 This is regional planning, 607 00:35:00,340 --> 00:35:03,410 MAPC hires geographers, hires economists, 608 00:35:03,410 --> 00:35:04,963 hires GIS analysts, 609 00:35:07,920 --> 00:35:10,450 hires people that do environmental policy, 610 00:35:10,450 --> 00:35:13,470 environmental politics, like from Poli-Sci. 611 00:35:13,470 --> 00:35:18,470 So there's a lot of majors at Salem state that can be, 612 00:35:18,510 --> 00:35:22,760 can get training and can participate in this. 613 00:35:22,760 --> 00:35:25,940 So they do mitigation planning, 614 00:35:25,940 --> 00:35:27,233 climate action planning. 615 00:35:28,320 --> 00:35:32,890 And I saw they did a wonderful regional overview 616 00:35:32,890 --> 00:35:36,483 of equity, so MAPC. 617 00:35:38,550 --> 00:35:41,000 And here's county, this is Nevada, 618 00:35:41,000 --> 00:35:43,230 a sustainability and climate action plan. 619 00:35:43,230 --> 00:35:45,020 Here's San Diego. 620 00:35:45,020 --> 00:35:48,803 So these are different climates, Clark County is a desert. 621 00:35:49,750 --> 00:35:51,550 San Diego is a Mediterranean climate 622 00:35:51,550 --> 00:35:54,470 with a very seasonal rainfall pattern, which has effects 623 00:35:54,470 --> 00:35:59,240 and suffers has a lot of impacts to El Nino. 624 00:35:59,240 --> 00:36:04,060 So it's good for students in our classes 625 00:36:04,060 --> 00:36:08,110 to also see climate action planning in other environments 626 00:36:09,441 --> 00:36:10,343 in our country. 627 00:36:11,330 --> 00:36:15,020 And then the city of Salem interacts with Ipswich River, 628 00:36:15,020 --> 00:36:17,870 I'm a member of the Watershed Association, 629 00:36:17,870 --> 00:36:21,313 and they are doing watershed planning, 630 00:36:24,320 --> 00:36:26,863 resiliency planning for the watershed. 631 00:36:29,976 --> 00:36:32,040 So I think I'm gonna end with this. 632 00:36:33,140 --> 00:36:38,140 This is I hope you all benefited from just seeing, 633 00:36:39,430 --> 00:36:42,670 this is just, this is the way cities and towns 634 00:36:42,670 --> 00:36:46,210 are tackling climate change, they're in the fight. 635 00:36:46,210 --> 00:36:48,400 We have a, the IPCC says we have 636 00:36:49,540 --> 00:36:54,540 about a 15 to 20 year window where we just have to tackle, 637 00:36:55,280 --> 00:36:56,663 tackle climate change, 638 00:37:00,537 --> 00:37:02,920 and we're tackling urban heat. 639 00:37:04,800 --> 00:37:09,800 And so I think I should end there so that we have Q&A. 640 00:37:18,860 --> 00:37:21,070 - Thanks, John, for a comprehensive view 641 00:37:21,070 --> 00:37:25,057 of all the different levels of analysis 642 00:37:25,057 --> 00:37:29,590 and climate action plans. 643 00:37:29,590 --> 00:37:33,410 - And I hope the audience just grasp who does that, 644 00:37:33,410 --> 00:37:37,831 train staff with these talents and these expertise 645 00:37:37,831 --> 00:37:41,640 and they are working for the common good, and yeah. 646 00:37:43,130 --> 00:37:45,803 - So we've got a couple questions here for you. 647 00:37:47,210 --> 00:37:48,740 First one is, 648 00:37:48,740 --> 00:37:51,793 as we switch to electric powered transportation, 649 00:37:52,720 --> 00:37:56,660 aren't we just increasing greenhouse gas production 650 00:37:56,660 --> 00:37:58,400 to produce the electricity? 651 00:37:58,400 --> 00:38:00,940 Is it really a solution? 652 00:38:00,940 --> 00:38:01,990 - It's a great question. 653 00:38:01,990 --> 00:38:05,560 So what this is all based on that we, 654 00:38:05,560 --> 00:38:09,840 that we have to electrify transportation is the 655 00:38:09,840 --> 00:38:14,250 absolutely needed ramping up of offshore wind 656 00:38:14,250 --> 00:38:15,240 and onshore wind 657 00:38:18,000 --> 00:38:20,660 mass save and other policies 658 00:38:20,660 --> 00:38:23,463 that stimulate solar on rooftops. 659 00:38:25,839 --> 00:38:30,839 And exciting things are happening, Steve, with geothermal. 660 00:38:31,230 --> 00:38:33,483 The Berry Library has geothermal, 661 00:38:34,430 --> 00:38:37,690 so it's a totally great question. 662 00:38:37,690 --> 00:38:41,820 And that's what electrifying transportation is based on. 663 00:38:41,820 --> 00:38:44,730 We've gotta be generating our electricity 664 00:38:44,730 --> 00:38:46,283 from renewable energy. 665 00:38:48,044 --> 00:38:52,750 And so some exciting things are happening 666 00:38:52,750 --> 00:38:55,230 over the next 10 years in wind. 667 00:38:55,230 --> 00:38:59,070 It's so exciting with offshore of Massachusetts, 668 00:38:59,070 --> 00:39:00,433 New York and New Jersey. 669 00:39:01,490 --> 00:39:03,500 So that's what it's based on. 670 00:39:03,500 --> 00:39:04,860 - Now follow up is, 671 00:39:04,860 --> 00:39:06,570 do you think we could just keep 672 00:39:06,570 --> 00:39:09,790 our car based transportation system 673 00:39:09,790 --> 00:39:11,926 and just have electric cars? 674 00:39:11,926 --> 00:39:16,250 Is that gonna be enough to transition our transportation 675 00:39:16,250 --> 00:39:20,123 by keeping everybody having cars and driving electric cars? 676 00:39:21,400 --> 00:39:24,803 - I think it's gonna be definitely in the medium term. 677 00:39:26,900 --> 00:39:28,210 I guess we would be thinking about 678 00:39:28,210 --> 00:39:31,013 what would replace the car and that would be, 679 00:39:32,170 --> 00:39:34,930 non fossil fuel based public transit. 680 00:39:34,930 --> 00:39:39,143 But I think American society just so dependent on a car, 681 00:39:40,040 --> 00:39:45,040 can we have non fossil fuel based trains? 682 00:39:45,060 --> 00:39:49,020 We do, but you know that we fight the trucking lobby, 683 00:39:49,020 --> 00:39:53,217 we fight, and so, so there's 684 00:39:57,120 --> 00:40:01,600 electrified trains and levitated trains 685 00:40:01,600 --> 00:40:03,610 could be a part of it. 686 00:40:03,610 --> 00:40:07,540 It gets controversial everybody with the corridors, 687 00:40:07,540 --> 00:40:08,870 when you put in new trains, 688 00:40:08,870 --> 00:40:13,630 you're going through farmland, cities and forests. 689 00:40:13,630 --> 00:40:15,200 So that is, 690 00:40:15,200 --> 00:40:17,200 but if we have to think about it, 691 00:40:17,200 --> 00:40:20,870 we need transportation experts, proposing 692 00:40:22,890 --> 00:40:26,973 real intelligent solution to get us there. 693 00:40:28,700 --> 00:40:33,600 - Another question is you listed a lot of adaptation items, 694 00:40:33,600 --> 00:40:36,680 but you didn't really comment on their effectiveness. 695 00:40:36,680 --> 00:40:39,790 Do you think the city is moving fast enough 696 00:40:39,790 --> 00:40:42,560 and efforts will be enough to significantly reduce 697 00:40:42,560 --> 00:40:44,350 the direct impact of climate change 698 00:40:44,350 --> 00:40:46,143 on Salem and its residents? 699 00:40:49,110 --> 00:40:50,340 - What I didn't have, 700 00:40:50,340 --> 00:40:52,640 and I know that professor Healy will discuss, 701 00:40:52,640 --> 00:40:57,640 I agonize and I didn't fit it in was, 702 00:40:57,750 --> 00:41:01,590 I have a wonderful graphic that came out for the IPCC 703 00:41:01,590 --> 00:41:04,700 sixth assessment that shows the country's 704 00:41:04,700 --> 00:41:08,690 contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions. 705 00:41:08,690 --> 00:41:09,730 Since that's gonna be done 706 00:41:09,730 --> 00:41:12,883 at kind of the national international scale by Dr. Healy, 707 00:41:14,750 --> 00:41:19,750 but to tackle the global climate crisis needs 708 00:41:20,280 --> 00:41:22,540 this community of nations, 709 00:41:22,540 --> 00:41:25,860 and we positively need the top 10 emitters 710 00:41:28,693 --> 00:41:32,500 to make this effort has to be massive. 711 00:41:32,500 --> 00:41:37,490 The transition to non fossil fuels has gotta be massive. 712 00:41:37,490 --> 00:41:40,550 And we have Joe Biden 713 00:41:40,550 --> 00:41:42,683 trying to do it with the Congress he has, 714 00:41:45,805 --> 00:41:50,610 and, but it's gotta be a massive global effort. 715 00:41:52,180 --> 00:41:55,950 And so whoever wrote the, who said the question, 716 00:41:55,950 --> 00:41:57,863 cities and towns are in the fight, 717 00:41:58,750 --> 00:42:03,750 but man, we need China, India, Brazil, 718 00:42:03,760 --> 00:42:07,330 the European Union, have all the United States, 719 00:42:07,330 --> 00:42:10,690 have gotta be ramping up this effort. 720 00:42:10,690 --> 00:42:12,970 It's gotta be such a big effort. 721 00:42:12,970 --> 00:42:15,300 And it's gotta be so big Steve 722 00:42:16,390 --> 00:42:19,733 to just convert to decarbonize. 723 00:42:21,190 --> 00:42:24,030 So, no, it's a global picture 724 00:42:24,030 --> 00:42:27,103 and we need tackling it at all levels. 725 00:42:29,079 --> 00:42:30,580 - So John, there's a follow up 726 00:42:30,580 --> 00:42:32,580 on the person who asked the question is, 727 00:42:33,480 --> 00:42:34,440 they're more asking, 728 00:42:34,440 --> 00:42:36,720 not necessarily about the reduction of emissions, 729 00:42:36,720 --> 00:42:39,900 but more about the adaptation, 730 00:42:39,900 --> 00:42:42,440 the specific adaptation with climate change effects 731 00:42:42,440 --> 00:42:45,660 such as flooding, heat waves, that kind of stuff 732 00:42:45,660 --> 00:42:50,290 is what's Salem doing gonna be effective in protecting us 733 00:42:50,290 --> 00:42:52,523 from those impacts? 734 00:42:55,470 --> 00:42:57,100 - In my PowerPoint tonight, 735 00:42:57,100 --> 00:43:00,410 I showed you that Boston Globe title 736 00:43:01,280 --> 00:43:04,673 and the Greenland worry. 737 00:43:07,340 --> 00:43:09,860 I'm a little bit of a pessimist, 738 00:43:09,860 --> 00:43:13,060 I'm very worried about the accelerated melt of Greenland 739 00:43:13,060 --> 00:43:16,700 and Antarctica that we're talking about this century, 740 00:43:16,700 --> 00:43:18,283 sea level rise in feet. 741 00:43:20,380 --> 00:43:22,730 And I think we are, 742 00:43:22,730 --> 00:43:25,123 the adaptation planning is gonna be, 743 00:43:26,530 --> 00:43:30,550 so needing to do retreat inland, 744 00:43:30,550 --> 00:43:34,120 we are gonna be elevating and retreating. 745 00:43:34,120 --> 00:43:37,410 We know we're going to lose a coastline 746 00:43:37,410 --> 00:43:39,063 and we have to face that. 747 00:43:40,390 --> 00:43:44,700 So adaptation planning is gonna be elevating structures, 748 00:43:44,700 --> 00:43:48,450 but we need to be thinking about retreating inland. 749 00:43:48,450 --> 00:43:51,643 That's how worried I am about sea level rise. 750 00:43:55,530 --> 00:43:56,370 Another question is, 751 00:43:56,370 --> 00:43:59,470 for students interested in a career in this field, 752 00:43:59,470 --> 00:44:01,510 should they consider graduate school? 753 00:44:01,510 --> 00:44:04,070 And if so, what type of specific programs 754 00:44:04,070 --> 00:44:05,120 should they consider? 755 00:44:05,986 --> 00:44:06,819 - Okay. 756 00:44:08,300 --> 00:44:10,333 I think it's a bit wide ranging. 757 00:44:13,429 --> 00:44:16,107 There are programs like at Tufts University in 758 00:44:18,203 --> 00:44:22,570 that are in urban resource management. 759 00:44:22,570 --> 00:44:27,570 And some of the first climate action planners 760 00:44:29,270 --> 00:44:32,940 got their master's degree from Tufts University. 761 00:44:32,940 --> 00:44:37,940 And they were doing this 15 years ago, 762 00:44:38,080 --> 00:44:40,453 doing urban climate action planning. 763 00:44:41,520 --> 00:44:44,393 And they were some of the early trainers, 764 00:44:46,890 --> 00:44:48,980 offshore wind and onshore wind 765 00:44:48,980 --> 00:44:53,730 requires great analysis of the site. 766 00:44:53,730 --> 00:44:56,330 So geographic information systems 767 00:44:56,330 --> 00:44:59,340 is used in the site analysis, offshore wind, 768 00:44:59,340 --> 00:45:03,700 and onshore wind, that offshore wind has to look at 769 00:45:03,700 --> 00:45:07,900 at risk to migrating fish 770 00:45:07,900 --> 00:45:12,120 and coastal fish economy. 771 00:45:12,120 --> 00:45:15,300 So that's ocean ecology, 772 00:45:15,300 --> 00:45:18,140 ocean spatial planning. 773 00:45:18,140 --> 00:45:20,590 So there's just so many avenues. 774 00:45:20,590 --> 00:45:23,893 We need GIS, we need modeling, we need, 775 00:45:25,050 --> 00:45:27,173 and for the parents out there, 776 00:45:28,320 --> 00:45:30,490 we also need electricians, 777 00:45:30,490 --> 00:45:35,460 the offshore wind and onshore wind needs electricians. 778 00:45:35,460 --> 00:45:37,810 So there's a vocational component 779 00:45:37,810 --> 00:45:39,850 and there's a master's component. 780 00:45:39,850 --> 00:45:43,623 And then, so we need training at a lot of levels. 781 00:45:46,130 --> 00:45:47,107 - Great, thank you. 782 00:45:51,520 --> 00:45:55,930 So you said for one, at one point, 783 00:45:55,930 --> 00:45:57,630 Salem was kind of at the forefront 784 00:45:59,170 --> 00:46:02,770 what cities in the United States do you see as 785 00:46:02,770 --> 00:46:04,585 actually being in the forefront of, 786 00:46:04,585 --> 00:46:07,420 like you talked about Boston and Cambridge 787 00:46:07,420 --> 00:46:10,253 creating policy that other cities can follow? 788 00:46:11,210 --> 00:46:15,893 - So I would say Boston Mass, Cambridge Mass, 789 00:46:17,870 --> 00:46:22,870 Portland, Oregon, Seattle, Washington, New York City, 790 00:46:26,790 --> 00:46:27,863 Los Angeles, 791 00:46:30,840 --> 00:46:35,310 Burlington, Vermont was a early leader, 792 00:46:35,310 --> 00:46:38,710 and I think they've made good strides, also, 793 00:46:38,710 --> 00:46:42,010 I used to follow them with my earlier research 794 00:46:42,010 --> 00:46:47,010 because they were a leader in the new England states. 795 00:46:50,915 --> 00:46:53,730 So those are some that I've looked at and follow, 796 00:46:53,730 --> 00:46:54,953 look for guidance. 797 00:46:56,590 --> 00:47:00,280 I also, I can remember 798 00:47:00,280 --> 00:47:03,350 being impressed with Madison, Wisconsin, 799 00:47:03,350 --> 00:47:05,900 they have the university of Wisconsin Madison there 800 00:47:06,888 --> 00:47:10,763 and they had been kind of an early leader also. 801 00:47:13,360 --> 00:47:18,360 - So let's say for the future, 802 00:47:18,530 --> 00:47:21,260 what do you think are the, 803 00:47:21,260 --> 00:47:23,240 whether Salem's doing it or not, 804 00:47:23,240 --> 00:47:26,360 and maybe even expand to North shore communities, 805 00:47:26,360 --> 00:47:29,080 what do you see as the most important work 806 00:47:29,080 --> 00:47:32,313 that the cities need to do on the north shore? 807 00:47:34,160 --> 00:47:38,030 - I think it's decarbonizing. 808 00:47:38,030 --> 00:47:40,543 So just getting solar on rooftops, 809 00:47:44,640 --> 00:47:49,023 voting to support renewable energy, 810 00:47:50,560 --> 00:47:54,217 activism for renewable energy things. 811 00:47:56,230 --> 00:47:58,790 There are homes on the north shore 812 00:47:58,790 --> 00:48:00,820 that right now are geothermal, 813 00:48:00,820 --> 00:48:02,503 so geothermal is happening. 814 00:48:03,640 --> 00:48:06,490 Cities and towns with new real estate development 815 00:48:06,490 --> 00:48:09,580 can do geothermal microgrids. 816 00:48:09,580 --> 00:48:13,200 And I think that's gonna be happening across the country 817 00:48:13,200 --> 00:48:14,940 with new real estate development 818 00:48:14,940 --> 00:48:16,973 to do geothermal microgrids, 819 00:48:18,200 --> 00:48:23,200 but we've gotta not burn natural gas or oil for our heating, 820 00:48:26,840 --> 00:48:31,490 for our air conditioning, we've just gotta decarbonize. 821 00:48:31,490 --> 00:48:35,960 - And do you see that kind of wording 822 00:48:35,960 --> 00:48:39,810 put into regulations coming up? 823 00:48:39,810 --> 00:48:41,340 - Well, that's exciting. 824 00:48:41,340 --> 00:48:44,150 Massachusetts passed the recent past, 825 00:48:44,150 --> 00:48:46,400 what's called the Climate Act for Shorthand. 826 00:48:46,400 --> 00:48:49,490 It's called a climate roadmap 827 00:48:49,490 --> 00:48:52,315 for climate policy in the Commonwealth. 828 00:48:52,315 --> 00:48:54,770 And that was also the legislation that actually 829 00:48:54,770 --> 00:48:56,760 finally formally included 830 00:48:56,760 --> 00:48:59,663 environmental justice considerations in terms of law. 831 00:49:01,050 --> 00:49:03,380 And what's now before the legislature 832 00:49:05,095 --> 00:49:07,470 is working out the funding. 833 00:49:07,470 --> 00:49:10,860 So the policy goals were set in the climate roadmap, 834 00:49:10,860 --> 00:49:13,893 which is really leading legislation for a state. 835 00:49:14,800 --> 00:49:17,900 But now the hard work is how do you fund it? 836 00:49:17,900 --> 00:49:19,973 And that's what's going on now. 837 00:49:21,430 --> 00:49:24,683 And we need to have the state legislature and we need to, 838 00:49:26,790 --> 00:49:28,490 and that's what's happening kind of now, 839 00:49:28,490 --> 00:49:32,090 the funding mechanism for the climate roadmap, 840 00:49:32,090 --> 00:49:34,270 which was really for, 841 00:49:34,270 --> 00:49:36,490 was legislation with foresight, 842 00:49:36,490 --> 00:49:39,873 for mitigating climate change in the Commonwealth. 843 00:49:43,150 --> 00:49:45,920 - A question about, a follow up question here. 844 00:49:45,920 --> 00:49:48,870 So you've talked about some cities 845 00:49:48,870 --> 00:49:51,050 that are in the forefront in the United States. 846 00:49:51,050 --> 00:49:54,730 Are you aware of any global cities outside the United States 847 00:49:54,730 --> 00:49:58,573 that you would see as a leader? 848 00:50:02,760 --> 00:50:04,890 - I have looked at London. 849 00:50:04,890 --> 00:50:06,273 London is, 850 00:50:10,870 --> 00:50:13,003 I've considered them at the forefront. 851 00:50:17,250 --> 00:50:19,660 I don't really have a list 852 00:50:19,660 --> 00:50:21,493 that I would recommend right now. 853 00:50:24,810 --> 00:50:27,893 I am very impressed in the past with Germany, 854 00:50:29,590 --> 00:50:33,240 their federal adoption and federal stimulation 855 00:50:33,240 --> 00:50:36,343 of solar and wind in Germany. 856 00:50:37,550 --> 00:50:39,880 There was a, they had, 857 00:50:39,880 --> 00:50:43,180 I can remember the news about a couple years ago, 858 00:50:43,180 --> 00:50:48,180 where there was a Saturday in Germany where the entire, 859 00:50:50,688 --> 00:50:53,723 the electricity was generated by renewable. 860 00:50:55,180 --> 00:50:58,530 All of the electricity was generated by renewable 861 00:50:59,490 --> 00:51:02,273 in terms of in the homes and et cetera. 862 00:51:04,830 --> 00:51:09,593 So there are countries that are confronting it. 863 00:51:10,830 --> 00:51:12,763 And boy in Europe now, 864 00:51:14,270 --> 00:51:19,070 our hearts go out to the Ukraine and that is just, 865 00:51:19,070 --> 00:51:21,840 and the European Union is, I think, 866 00:51:21,840 --> 00:51:23,660 is gonna be trying their best 867 00:51:23,660 --> 00:51:26,350 to not have any fossil fuel from Russia, 868 00:51:26,350 --> 00:51:28,313 and that's gonna be hardship for them. 869 00:51:29,230 --> 00:51:33,100 But yet the geopolitics of Russian fossil fuels 870 00:51:33,100 --> 00:51:37,740 is gonna really, it's gonna be confronted by, 871 00:51:37,740 --> 00:51:40,030 I think, the European union. 872 00:51:40,030 --> 00:51:43,650 And it's gonna be a rough couple of year, 873 00:51:43,650 --> 00:51:44,763 a few years, I think. 874 00:51:46,740 --> 00:51:48,610 - I know that Costa Rica 875 00:51:48,610 --> 00:51:50,360 gets almost all their electricity now 876 00:51:50,360 --> 00:51:52,323 from renewable sources as well. 877 00:51:53,560 --> 00:51:54,620 And they claim that 878 00:51:54,620 --> 00:51:57,863 they're kind of like a Southern country model- 879 00:51:58,859 --> 00:52:00,950 - I totally agree with you, it just skipped my mind. 880 00:52:00,950 --> 00:52:04,050 Absolutely, Steve, good job, yes, good job. 881 00:52:04,050 --> 00:52:04,913 - Let's see. 882 00:52:10,270 --> 00:52:13,780 What about like internship for undergraduate students 883 00:52:13,780 --> 00:52:14,780 and stuff like that? 884 00:52:16,630 --> 00:52:18,400 How can they get involved? 885 00:52:18,400 --> 00:52:23,400 - Okay, so see at Salem, I'm chair of CERC, 886 00:52:25,080 --> 00:52:28,840 we often have a continuing need for one, 887 00:52:28,840 --> 00:52:31,710 and now that the sustainability office has expanded 888 00:52:31,710 --> 00:52:36,150 and with the neat new project with The Point neighborhood, 889 00:52:36,150 --> 00:52:40,430 so students can contact 890 00:52:40,430 --> 00:52:43,660 they can contact the sustainability department 891 00:52:43,660 --> 00:52:45,010 at the city of Salem, 892 00:52:45,010 --> 00:52:47,560 but they also can contact me, feel free. 893 00:52:47,560 --> 00:52:49,633 JayHayes@Salemstate.edu. 894 00:52:51,510 --> 00:52:53,220 And what the city does look for 895 00:52:53,220 --> 00:52:56,283 is some of your course background if you are an undergrad. 896 00:52:57,940 --> 00:52:59,760 They would like to see a, 897 00:52:59,760 --> 00:53:01,560 they look at your course background, 898 00:53:02,949 --> 00:53:07,593 and when they get a letter of reference for you, 899 00:53:08,430 --> 00:53:10,590 they like to see that someone is saying, 900 00:53:10,590 --> 00:53:13,520 this person pays attention to detail 901 00:53:13,520 --> 00:53:16,050 because the work does require that kind of, 902 00:53:16,050 --> 00:53:19,273 that kind of personality to pay attention to detail. 903 00:53:20,830 --> 00:53:23,680 - And can they also just, 904 00:53:23,680 --> 00:53:25,760 let's say they live in the city of Lynn, 905 00:53:25,760 --> 00:53:28,233 I mean, colds, are cities? 906 00:53:29,300 --> 00:53:31,663 - So yes, they should contact their, 907 00:53:32,910 --> 00:53:35,110 check out whether the city of Lynn 908 00:53:35,110 --> 00:53:36,420 or Swamp Scott, et cetera, 909 00:53:36,420 --> 00:53:40,280 has some kind of renewable energy task force 910 00:53:40,280 --> 00:53:43,840 or green energy council. 911 00:53:43,840 --> 00:53:48,060 I would, and that would be a starting point 912 00:53:48,060 --> 00:53:52,660 as then well as does the city have a sustainability manager? 913 00:53:52,660 --> 00:53:53,810 Or an energy manager. 914 00:53:53,810 --> 00:53:54,860 So those are the two, 915 00:53:55,774 --> 00:53:58,074 in my opinion, those are the two focus points. 916 00:54:01,691 --> 00:54:04,110 A group equivalent to the sustainability committee 917 00:54:04,110 --> 00:54:07,830 that I chair and an energy manager 918 00:54:07,830 --> 00:54:10,343 or sustainability manager for the city or town. 919 00:54:11,950 --> 00:54:13,930 - And I know that actually Salem State has 920 00:54:13,930 --> 00:54:16,320 with the sustainability coordinator 921 00:54:16,320 --> 00:54:17,550 has an internship program 922 00:54:17,550 --> 00:54:19,040 for students of Salem State as well. 923 00:54:19,040 --> 00:54:20,420 - Yes, we do. - This is kind of nice. 924 00:54:20,420 --> 00:54:21,870 - Oh yeah, oh it is, oh yeah. 925 00:54:24,080 --> 00:54:26,100 - Any last words? 926 00:54:26,100 --> 00:54:29,380 'cause we're just about gonna wrap up. 927 00:54:29,380 --> 00:54:30,213 - Okay. 928 00:54:35,650 --> 00:54:37,890 I just think students can, 929 00:54:37,890 --> 00:54:42,390 with a selection of courses can put together 930 00:54:42,390 --> 00:54:45,940 a major and a minor that trains them 931 00:54:45,940 --> 00:54:47,780 and look across geography, 932 00:54:47,780 --> 00:54:51,820 look across Poli-Sci, look across biology and geology. 933 00:54:51,820 --> 00:54:55,860 You can fashion and you can make a major and a minor, 934 00:54:55,860 --> 00:54:58,420 a double major, or a major and a minor. 935 00:54:58,420 --> 00:55:02,650 And you can develop a set of courses that trains you 936 00:55:02,650 --> 00:55:06,120 and prepares you and an internship 937 00:55:06,120 --> 00:55:08,370 really is a nice way to cap it off. 938 00:55:08,370 --> 00:55:10,000 An internship with the city 939 00:55:10,000 --> 00:55:11,923 is a really good way to cap it off. 940 00:55:14,690 --> 00:55:15,780 - All right, thank you. 941 00:55:15,780 --> 00:55:19,940 And I just want to, 942 00:55:19,940 --> 00:55:22,493 I'm gonna share my screen for a second. 943 00:55:23,550 --> 00:55:27,000 And I just wanna remind people that 944 00:55:27,000 --> 00:55:28,803 we have two more talks coming up, 945 00:55:29,650 --> 00:55:32,530 Tuesday, April 5th, Dr. Noel Healy 946 00:55:32,530 --> 00:55:34,460 from the Geography and Sustainability Department, 947 00:55:34,460 --> 00:55:36,470 and he's also a member 948 00:55:36,470 --> 00:55:39,410 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 949 00:55:39,410 --> 00:55:41,670 And he's gonna talk about tackling climate change 950 00:55:41,670 --> 00:55:46,240 and inequity together, the case for a green new deal. 951 00:55:46,240 --> 00:55:50,760 And then on Tuesday, April 19th, Ms. Tara Gallagher, 952 00:55:50,760 --> 00:55:54,770 who is this Sustainability and Safety Coordinator 953 00:55:54,770 --> 00:55:57,120 in the Facilities Department at Salem State 954 00:55:57,120 --> 00:55:59,660 is gonna talk about addressing climate change 955 00:55:59,660 --> 00:56:03,210 on Salem state's campus and why it matters. 956 00:56:03,210 --> 00:56:07,093 And so we've got some great talks coming up and again, 957 00:56:07,990 --> 00:56:10,530 these talks will be recorded as well 958 00:56:10,530 --> 00:56:15,530 in case you can't join us for the live presentation. 959 00:56:17,370 --> 00:56:22,370 And so I want to thank everybody tonight for joining us 960 00:56:22,640 --> 00:56:24,860 and thank you, professor Hayes 961 00:56:24,860 --> 00:56:26,790 for giving us a great lecture. 962 00:56:26,790 --> 00:56:29,840 - Thank you, I enjoyed it. 963 00:56:29,840 --> 00:56:31,040 - Fantastic. 964 00:56:31,040 --> 00:56:36,040 And to everybody else who who made it happen tonight, 965 00:56:36,860 --> 00:56:38,089 thank you so much. 966 00:56:38,089 --> 00:56:41,089 (deep upbeat music)